江苏专用2018年高考英语考前三个月同步：专题3 阅读理解 第3步 题型突破6.docxVIP

题型突破(六)　推理判断之观点态度和写作意图题　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A(2017·扬州、泰州、南通、淮安、宿迁、徐州六市二调)There are endless motivations for human behaviour，from the basic drives for food to more complicated ones，such as sympathy，envy and anger.But none of these explain behaviours that we call compulsions(强迫症)．They come from a need that is desperate and tortured(折磨)．They may bring relief，but they bring little enjoyment，and while one part of our brain desperately wishes to stop them，another is afraid of stopping.I used to view compulsions as foreign and almost frightening.But in the course of my research，two things happened.First，when I got to know people who were compulsive，their behaviour didn’t seem unreasonable at all.Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers(另类人)，the anxiety that drives them to those extremes is universal.Over any year，many of us find ourselves in the control of a compulsion that falls short of something that is disabling enough to qualify as a mental disorder—in fact，some compulsions are adaptive，helping us lead our lives or perform our jobs more effectively.Like many people，maybe you feel forced to reach for your smart phone as soon as you wake up in the morning.Fortunately a growing number of experts have begun to succeed in distinguishing addictions from compulsions.An addiction begins with a flash of pleasure accompanied with danger; it’s fun to gamble or to drink，and it also puts you at risk.Addictions involve acting without planning or even thought，driven by an urge for immediate satisfaction.Compulsions，in contrast，are all about avoiding unpleasant outcomes.They are behaviours we repeat many times to relieve the anxiety brought on by the possibility of negative consequences.But the actual behaviour is often unpleasant—or at least not particularly rewarding，especially after many rounds of it.Behind every compulsion is the need to avoid what causes you pain or anxiety.Compulsive behaviour is not necessarily a mental disorder.