东北林业大学植物生理学9-植物细胞信号转导PPT.ppt

植物细胞信号转导;第一节 植物体内的信号传导 ;对于植物细胞来讲，有来自相邻细胞的刺激、细胞壁的刺激、激素、温度、光照等等刺激，连接环境刺激到植物反应的分子途径就是信号转导途径，细胞接受信号并整合、放大信号，最终引起细胞反应;植物的信号分子 ;;当植物的一张叶片被虫咬伤后，会诱导本叶和其它叶产生蛋白酶抑制物(PIs)等，以阻碍病原菌或害虫进一步侵害。 如果伤害后立即除去受害叶，则其它叶片不会产生PIs。;(二) 物理信号(physical signal) ;受触及的含羞草小叶在1至2 秒钟向下弯，这是由于电波引发叶枕运动细胞中大量的K+和Ca+2转运，引起膨压改变的结果;(三) 胞间信号的传递;Robert F. Furchgott SUNY Health Science Center Brooklyn, NY, USA. 1916~ ;Furchgotts sandwich Robert F Furchgott showed that acetylcholine-induced relaxation of blood vessels was dependent on the endothelium. His sandwich experiment set the stage for future scientific development. He used two different pieces of the aorta; one had the endothelial layer intact, in the other it had been removed.;Hemoglobin (yellow) exposed to endothelial cells that were stimulated to produce EDRF (green) ;Murads enzyme activation Ferid Murad knew that nitroglycerine caused relaxation of smooth muscle cells. The enzyme, guanylyl cyclase, was activated and increased cyclic GMP, causing relaxation of the muscle. Did nitroglycerin act via release of nitric oxide, NO? He bubbled NO-gas through tissue containing the enzyme; cyclic GMP increased! A new mode of drug action had been discovered!;In atherosclerosis, plaques reduce blood flow in the arteries. This decreases oxygen supply to the heart muscle causing chest pain (angina pectoris) and sometimes even myocardial infarction. Treatment with nitroglycerine provides NO, dilates the vessels, and increases blood flow. Thanks to this years Nobel Laureates we now understand how nitroglycerine, an important heart medicine, works. It acts as a NO donor, causes dilation of the blood vessels, increases oxygen supply and protects the heart from damage and cell death.;Alfred Nobel suffered from angina pectoris and was prescribed nitroglycerine. In a letter to a friend he wrote: It sounds like the irony of fate that I have been prescribed nitroglycerine internally. They have named it Trinitrin in order not to upset pharmacists and the public.