(精选)ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS教学课件.pptVIP

ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS Mechanism of action include: Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Inhibition of protein synthesis Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis Inhibition of metabolic pathways Interference with cell membrane integrity MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS Inhibition of Cell wall synthesis Bacteria cell wall unique in construction Contains peptidoglycan Antimicrobials that interfere with the synthesis of cell wall do not interfere with eukaryotic cell Due to the lack of cell wall in animal cells and differences in cell wall in plant cells These drugs have very high therapeutic index Low toxicity with high effectiveness Antimicrobials of this class include β lactam drugs Vancomycin Bacitracin MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS Penicillins and cephalosporins Part of group of drugs called β –lactams Have shared chemical structure called β-lactam ring Competitively inhibits function of penicillin-binding proteins Inhibits peptide bridge formation between glycan molecules This causes the cell wall to develop weak points at the growth sites and become fragile. MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS The weakness in the cell wall causes the cell to lyze. MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS The weakness in the cell wall causes the cell to lyze. Penicillins and cephalosporins are considered bactericidal. Penicillins are more effective against Gram+ bacteria. This is because Gram + bacteria have penicillin binding proteins on their walls. The cephalosporins Chemical structures make them resistant to inactivation by certain β-lactamases Tend to have low affinity to penicillin-binding proteins of Gram + bacteria, therefore, are most effective against Gram – bacteria. Chemically modified to produce family of related compounds First, second, third and fourth generation cephalosporins MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS Vancomycin Inhibits formation of glycan chains Inhibits formatio