(精选)ANTIMICROBIALS一教学课件.pptVIP

ANTIMICROBIALS;ANTIMICROBIALS;ANTIMICROBIALS;ANTIBIOTICS;ANTIBIOTICS;ANTIBIOTICS;ANTIBIOTICS;ANTIOBIOTICS;Figure F. Antibiotic-sensitivity testing. Petri dishes were spread-inoculated with Staphylococcus albus (white growth) or Micrococcus luteus (yellow growth) before antibiotic assay rings were placed on the agar surface. The coloured disks at the end of each spoke of the rungs are impregnated with different antibiotics. Clockwise from the top (arrow) these are: Novobiocin, Penicillin G, Streptomycin (white disk), Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Fusidic acid (green disk) and Methicillin. Clear zones of suppression of bacterial growth around the individual antibiotic disks are evidence of sensitivity to these antibiotics.;;BROTH DILUTION METHOD; This figure shows a schematic of the broth dilution test. Bacteria are inoculated into tubes containing culture broth and varying concentrations of the antibiotic to be tested. The tubes are incubated to allow bacterial growth. The MIC is read as the lowest concentration of antibiotic which inhibited bacterial growth. In the above example, the MIC would be 8 micrograms/ml. The interpretation of this MIC depends on the organism/antibiotic pair being tested, and is made following standard NCCLS guidelines. ;MIC - Macrodilution. In this case, bacterial growth occurred at a Tetracycline concentration of 0.8 mcg/ml but not at 1.6 mcg/ml. Thus, the minimum inhibitory concentration is read as 1.6 mcg/ml. ;HOW DO ANTIBIOTICS ACTUALLY WORK?;THINGS TO CONSIDER:;ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE;ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES;CLASSES OF ANTIBIOTICS;DISINFECTANTS ANTISEPTICS;DEFINITIONS; BACTERICIDAL – chemical that kills bacteria VIRUCIDAL – chemical that kills viruses FUNGICIDAL – chemical that kills fungi SPORICIDAL – chemical that kills spores;IDEALLY, DISINFECTANTS SHOULD BE:;THINGS TO REMEMBER WHEN CHOOSING A DISINFECTANT:;ALL PRODUCTS MUST HAVE AN MSDS (MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET) THAT INCLUDES: Product name and chemical ID Name, address