(精选)Pediatric HIV and AIDS教学课件.pptVIP

Module 5 Pediatric HIV and AIDS Oral Health Considerations Pediatric HIV and AIDSOral Health Considerations Harold S. Goodman, D.M.D., M.P.H. Associate Professor Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore, Maryland HIV Infected Children12-13 7th leading cause of death among children in US In 50 percent infected, oral manifestations are the earliest clinical signs and are evident before 1st birthday More susceptible to many opportunistic infections, soft tissue lesions and neoplasms HIV infection progresses more rapidly than adults Immune system still not fully developed Rapid growth of body organs Pediatric AIDS12-13 Most infants with congenital HIV normal at birth Clinical problems develop during first year Oral complications first sign in 50 percent children 50 percent of children infected perinatally diagnosed before 1st birthday Early AIDS-related problems in children Weight loss Failure to thrive Pneumonia Lymphadenopathy Chronic diarrhea Abnormal enlargement of liver or spleen Bacterial infections Pediatric HIV/AIDS Epidemiology3 Percent of AIDS cases (through June 2001) United States (by sex and race, 0-19 years age) Sex: 1 percent of all males (~7100 cases) 4 percent of all females (~6100 cases) Race (percent of all pediatric cases): White - 21 percent African-American - 56 percent Hispanic - 22 percent Other - 1 percent Pediatric HIV/AIDS Epidemiology3 Percent HIV infection cases* (through June 2001) United States (by sex and race, 0-19 years age) Sex: 3 percent of all males 11 percent of all females Race (percent of all pediatric cases): White - 26 percent African-American - 65 percent Hispanic - 8 percent Other - 1 percent *from 36 areas with confidential HIV reporting Pediatric HIV/AIDS Epidemiology3United States Transmission – through June 2001 87-91% of infected infants through vertical transmission (mother to infant) During utero development During labor and delivery Post