DC-DC开关模式变换器.ppt

* Chapter 7： DC-DC Switch-Mode Converters: 7-1 Introduction 7-2 Control of dc-dc Converters 7-3 Step-Down (Buck) Converter 7-4 Step-Up (Boost) Converter 7-5 Buck-Boost Converter 7-6 Cuk dc-dc Converter 7-7 Full Bridge dc-dc Converter 7-8 dc-dc Converter Comparison 7-3 Step-Down (Buck) Converter 7-3 BUCK CONVERTER Practical Buck Converter 7-3 BUCK CONVERTER Simplifying Assumptions 1.Transistors, diodes and other passive components are all ideal. 2. The input is a pure dc voltage Vd. 3. The output voltage is purely dc without any ripple, that is vo(t) ≈ Vo, 4. Continuous conduction mode, CCM voi Vd O t on t t off s S f T 1 = (b) + Vd - C + vL - R + vo=Vo - + voi - (a) L id iL io Vo + Vd - C + vL - R + vo=Vo - + voi - (a) L id iL io t t 0 A B Ts ton t 0 t 0 iD (b) (c) (d) (e) iL id vL (Vd-Vo) (-Vo) (IL=Io) toff Operation principle 7-3 BUCK CONVERTER 1) Turning on the switch increase the inductor current. 2) When the transistor is turned off, the inductor current “freewheels” through the diode. In the dc steady state: 7-3 BUCK CONVERTER Vo can be controlled by varying the duty ratio D. In the dc steady state: 7-3 BUCK CONVERTER Neglecting power losses associate with all the circuit elements. In the dc steady state: 7-3 BUCK CONVERTER Example 7-1 In the Buck dc-dc converter of Fig. 3-5a, L =24μH . It is operating in dc steady state under the following conditions: Vin = 20V , D = 0.6 , Po = 12W , and fs = 200kHz . Assuming ideal components, calculate and draw the waveforms shown earlier in Fig. 3-5d. 7-3 BUCK CONVERTER Solution With fs = 200kHz , Ts = 5 μs and Ton = DTs = 3μs . Vo=DVin =12V .The inductor voltage vL fluctuates between (Vin ?Vo ) = 8V and (?Vo) =?12V , as shown inFig. 3-6. Therefore, iL=IL+iL,ripple , as shown in Fig. 3-6. When the transistor is on, iin=iL, otherwise zero. The average input currents is Iin=DIo =0.6A . 7-3 BUCK CONVERTER 7-4 Step-Up (Boost) Converter 7-4 BOOST CONVERTER Step-up converter is mainly applied in re