器官移植-医学伦理学-英文.pptVIP

ORGAN TRANSPLANT The first successful living-related kidney transplant at Brigham Hospital in Boston: A kidney was transplanted from Ronald Herrick into his identical twin, Richard. Uniform Anatomical Gift Act establishes the Uniform Donor Card as a legal document for anyone 18 years of age or older to legally donate his or her organs upon death. UNOS was incorporated as an independent, non-profit organization, committed to saving lives through uniting and supporting the efforts of donation and transplantation professionals.. UNOS launches UNetsm, a secure, Internet-based transplant information database system for all organ matching and management of transplant data. UNOS launches DonorNetsm, a secure, Internet-based system in which organ procurement coordinators send out offers of newly donated organs to transplant hospitals with compatible candidates. 1954 1968 1984 1999 2006 How organs are matched The first step Geography plays a part The right-sized organ Before an organ is allocated, all transplant candidates on the waiting list that are incompatible with the donor because of blood type, height, weight and other medical factors are automatically screened from any potential matches. Then, UNOS’ computer system determines the order that the other candidates will receive offers. There are 58 local donor service areas and 11 UNOS regions that are used for U.S. organ allocation. Hearts and lungs have less time to be transplanted, so we use a radius from the donor hospital instead of regions when allocating those organs. Proper organ size is critical to a successful transplant, which means that children often respond better to child-sized organs. Although pediatric candidates have their own unique scoring system, children essentially are first in line for other children’s organs. General nephrology Allocation of resources: individual versus population Acute renal failure- when is it futile to continue Clinical and molecular diagnosis of inherited disor