长江口表层沉积物中重金属赋存及迁移规律研究.DOC

长江口表层沉积物中重金属赋存及迁移规律研究 李冰茹，王纪华，马智宏，平华，李杨，何昭颖 （农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室（北京），北京，100097 摘 要：目的：研究长江口表层沉积物中重金属的空间分布、时间变化，分析影响其分布变化的因素，揭示环境风险。方法：整理并综合分析已有的研究资料，进行纵向时间轴和横向空间轴的重金属分别规律分析。结果：（1）在长江径流和海潮相互作用的水动力影响下，长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属富集、分布主要在横向上由西向东、纵向上由南向北呈低-高-低的变化趋势，即在浑浊带区域形成了类似峰顶的重金属含量高值区；（2）重金属分布受到长江季节性来水的影响；（3）重金属的分布状态与水中颗粒物的大小和分布以及水生植物呈密切相关关系。结论：综合分析认为表层沉积物中的重金属对长江整体环境尚未构成危害。 关键词：表层沉积物；重金属；污染；长江口 Study on the spatial distribution and environmental assessment of heavy metals in sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary Li Bing-ru, Wang Ji-hua, Ma Zhi-hong, Feng Xiao-yuan （Risk Assessment Lab for agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China Beijing Research Center for Agris and Testing, Beijing 100097, P. R. China） A: Objective: the spatial distribution and temporal variation of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Yangtze River estuary were compared and analyzed to find the environmental risk. Methods: Sorting and comprehensive analysis of the existing research results were done to analyze changing and relationship of the heavy metals with the longitudinal time axis and horizontal space axis respectively. Results: (a) the hydrodynamic interaction effect between the Yangtze River runoff and the tide determined the enrichment, distribution and migration of heavy metals in surface sediments. (b) It presented that the change of the heavy metal content were low-high-low from west to east and from north to south，which was like the mountain ridge. (c) This distribution of heavy metals in sediments was closely related to fine particles, which were controlled by the hydrodynamic to precipitate?off?gradually at maximum turbidity zone. Conclusion: Based on the comprehensive analysis, the general environment of Yangtze River estuary was better. KEY WORDS: Surface sediment; Heavy metals; Pollution；Yangtze River estuary 1 引 言 长江口是一中等强度潮汐的河口,水动力环境复杂，在径流、潮流、波浪、河口余环流等以及生物作用下，该区域沉积物的重金属元素具有复杂的沉积地球化学特征[1]。由于长江河口水域广大，每次调查受人力、物力限制，多限于局部水域的某一方面，对重金属元素进行大范围多相同步调查尚不多见，对长江河口表层沉积物中重金属的