VCG机制在P2P存储系统副本放置中的应用.docVIP

VCG机制在P2P存储系统副本放置中的应用 　　摘 要:在点对点(P2P)存储系统副本放置简化模型下引入维克瑞―克拉克―格罗夫斯机制(VCG),建立副本放置模型到VCG机制的映射,设计适当的支付函数以达到副本预放置节点的激励相容,并分析占优战略均衡的存在性,证明了该均衡在多项式时间内可达到均衡。仿真实验表明该机制能达到预放置节点的激励相容。 　　关键词:点对点存储系统;维克瑞―克拉克―格罗夫斯机制;副本放置机制;激励相容;占优战略均衡 　　 　　中图分类号: TP393 　　文献标志码:A 　　 　　Application of VCG mechanism in replica placement of P2P storage system 　　 　　SONG Wei????1, 2??, ZHAO Yue??long??2 　　( 　　1. Faculty of Computer, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006,China??;?? 　　 　　2. School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Guangdong 510006,China) 　　 　　Abstract: 　　VCG (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves) mechanism is introduced in generalized replica placement model of Peer to Peer (P2P) storage system. Mapping from replica placement model to VCG mechanism is established and suitable payment function is designed, which is incentive compatible to pre-placement nodes. Dominant-strategy equilibrium exists in this mechanism and can be reached in polynomial time. Simulation showed that such mechanism can stimulate pre- placement nodes to tell the truth. 　　VCG (Vickrey??Clarke??Groves) mechanism was introduced into generalized replica placement model of Peer to Peer (P2P) storage system. Mapping from replica placement model to VCG mechanism was established and suitable payment function was designed, which is incentive compatible to pre??placement nodes. Dominant??strategy equilibrium exists in this mechanism and can be reached in polynomial time. Simulation shows that such mechanism can stimulate pre??placement nodes to tell the truth. 　　 　　Key words: 　　P2P storage system; Vickrey??Clarke??Groves (VCG) mechanism; replica placement; incentive compatible mechanism; dominant strategy equilibrium 　　 　　0 引言 　　点对点(Peer to Peer,P2P)环境中的复制技术通过选取合适的节点存放冗余数据以提高系统的可用性和容错性[1]。但过多的副本数量会导致存储资源的极大浪费,而数量过少则无法显著提高数据的可靠性与访问效率。另外,不适当的复制节点组合可能极大地消耗系统带宽,甚至威胁系统中数据的持久性[2]。因此如何选取复制节点集合是P2P存储中副本放置面临的主要问题之一。文献[3-5]提出的各类算法分别在不同的应用背景上解决此问题。同时,对等节点的