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Formation of perfective Finished use and unfinished use Finished use: The present result of a past event still operative at the present moment. He has closed the window. (The window is closed./It is so hot now.....) Unfinished use: An action or state extends over a period lasting up to the present moment, posibly extending into the future as well. I have been in Zhongkai since 2008. (I am now in Zhongkai,and maybe all my life.) Present perfective progressive The use of the present perfective progressive(have/has been doing)has much in common with the unfinished use of the present perfective. I have lived in Guangzhou for nearly 2 years.(unfinished use) I have been living in Guangzhou for nealy 2 years. Exercise Fill in the blanks: 1.______ you ______(clean)the room? Yes, we ______ (do)that already. When _____ you_____(do)it? We _____(do)it an hour ago. 2.How many times _____ you _____(come)here? once. Translation Translate the following sentences into English with present perfective and simple past resprectively. 1.他已经回来三天了。 He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He came back 3 days ago. 2.汤姆和玛丽结婚五年了。 Tom and Mary have been married for 5 years. Tom and Mary got married 5 years ago. 句子改写 1.He came to our school two days ago. He has been at our school for two days. 2.He has been a Party member for 10 months. He joined the Party 10 months ago. Formation She had left when got there. She hadn’t left when I got there. Had she left when you got there? Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t. Who had left when you got there? Translation What is imaginary use? The past perfective when used to express hypothetical meanings is called the imaginary use of the past perfective想象性用法。 When to use the imaginary use? 1.in that-clause following I wish,Id rather, etc I wish you had given him my cellphone number.(But you didnt) Id rather I had stayed at home.(But I went to the theatre with you) Signifiers of using past perfective 和 by + 过去时间点连用, 如： by the time,