分子生物学7-RNA的加工与RNPs.pptVIP

RNase P 1. Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is an enzyme involved in tRNA processing that removes the 5 leader sequences from tRNA precursors 2. RNase P enzymes are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, being located in the nucleus of the latter where they are therefore small nuclear RNPs (snRNPs) 3. In E. coli, the endonuclease is composed of a 377 nt RNA and a small basic protein of 13.7kDa. 4. RNA component can catalyze pre-tRNA in vitro in the absence of protein. Thus RNase P RNA is a catalytic RNA, or ribozyme. Ribozyme - Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules that can catalyze particular biochemical reactions. - RNase P RNA is a ribozyme. RNase P RNA from bacteria is more catalytically active in vitro than those from eukaryotic and archaebacterial cells. in vitro reaction is about 50 times less efficient than in vivo reaction. - All RNase P RNAs share common sequences and structures. Self-splicing introns the intervening RNA that catalyze the splicing of themselves from their precursor RNA, and the joining of the exon sequences Ribozymes can be used as therapeutic agents in 1. correcting mutant mRNA in human cells 2. inhibiting unwanted gene expression - Kill cancer cells - Prevent virus replication mRNA processing, hnRNPs and snRNPs Processing of mRNA: prokaryotes There is essentially no processing of prokaryotic mRNA, it can start to be translated before it has finished being transcribed. Prokaryotic mRNA is degraded rapidly from the 5’end Processing of mRNA in eukaryotes 1. In eukaryotes, mRNA is synthesized by RNA Pol II as longer precursors (pre-mRNA), the population of different RNA Pol II transcripts are called heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). 2. Among hnRNA, those processed to give mature mRNAs are called pre-mRNAs 3. Pre-mRNA molecules are processed to mature mRNAs by 5’-capping, 3’- cleavage and polyadenylation, splicing and methylation. ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????