Running head MALLEABILITY OF ATTENTIONAL BIAS运行的注意偏向头的可塑性.docxVIP

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Running head MALLEABILITY OF ATTENTIONAL BIAS运行的注意偏向头的可塑性.docx

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Running head MALLEABILITY OF ATTENTIONAL BIAS运行的注意偏向头的可塑性.docx

Feature-specific attention allocation overrules the orienting response to emotional stimuliTom Everaert, AdriaanSpruyt, Valentina Rossi, Gilles Pourtois, and Jan De HouwerGhentUniversityAddress correspondence to:Tom EveraertDepartment of PsychologyGhentUniversityHenri Dunantlaan 2B-9000 Ghent, BelgiumTEL: ++32-9-264-91-07FAX: ++32-9-264-64-89E-mail: Tom.Everaert@UGent.beAbstractEmotional stimuli are generally thought to be processed in an unconditional fashion. Recentbehavioral studiessuggest, however, that emotional stimulus processing is critically dependent on attention towards emotional stimulus features. We set out to test this hypothesis using EEG measurements and a modified oddball paradigm. Unexpected emotional stimulievokedamplitude variations of the P3a (an ERP marker of attention orienting)when attention was directed to emotional stimulus properties but not when non-emotional stimulus propertieswereattended to. We conclude that emotional stimulus processing is not unconditional, butdependent on top-down attentional control.Feature-specific attention allocation overrules the orienting response to emotional stimuliIn line with the assumption that emotional stimuli are processed in an unconditional, bottom-up fashion (e.g. Vuilleumier, 2005; Zajonc, 1984), a large number of studies have shown that the emotional tone of a stimulus can exert a profound impact on both behavior and neural activity (Pourtois et al., in press). The amygdala, for instance,reacts more to emotional than to non-emotional stimuli (LeDoux, 2000; Phelps LeDoux, 2005; Morris et al., 1998). Furthermore, the emotional tone of a stimulus affects several ERP components (Olofsson et al., 2008) such as the P1 component, related to early visual processing (Smith et al., 2003), and the P3a component, related to attention orienting (Campanella, Gaspard, et al., 2002). Moreover, such effects can occur even when the emotional stimulusis presented outside of conscious awareness (e.g. Gaillard et al.