初中从句总结.docVIP

初中从句总结 句子成分 1. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 例：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） ?????? ?Is it yours?（代词） ?????? ?The weather has turned cold.（形容词） ?????? ?The speech is exciting.（分词） ?????? ?Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） ???? ?His job is to teach English.（不定式） ?????? ?His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） ?????? ?The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） ?????? ?Time is up. The class is over.（副词） ?????? ?The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 2. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 例： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） 3.英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） ?宾语从句 .??宾语从句的连接词： 引导宾语从句的连词有that、whether、if；连接代词主要有who、whom、whose、which、what；连接副词主要有when、where、why、how等。 .? whether与if用法区别 whether与if在表示“是否”、引导宾语从句时常可通用。但以下情况下只能用whether 1）介词后的宾语从句用whether引导 ?? 例：We’re talking about whether we can get the chance. 2）whether引导宾语从句时可以与or not连用 ?? 例：I don’t care whether the work will take long or not. 3）whether引导的宾语从句可置于句首 ?? 例：Whether they will join in the picnic I don’t care. 4）在不定式前，只有whether ?? 例：I am just wondering whether to stay for another hour or jus start off right away. .??宾语从句之主句与从句时态一致 补充内容： 主句若为过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态。 1）从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动作同时发生。 ?? 例：I only knew Cathy was studying in a western country, but I didn’t know what country she was in. 2）从句用过去完成时，表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。 ?? 例：Carol told me that she had told Sally about the meeting already. 3）从句谓语用过去将来时，表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后。 ?? 例：He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 定语从句 .??定语从句的关系词：1）关系代词，有that, w