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Chicago Climate Exchange emissions A carbon exchange is like a stock exchange for pollution.? The idea of trading in greenhouse gases has its roots in the Kyoto Protocol.? Richard Sandor started the Chicago Climate Exchange, which launched an effort to reduce and trade releases of industrial gases. Chicago Climate Exchange芝加哥气候交易所 It opened in 2003. It is known as the CCX. It is a private North American group. Richard Sandor He helped develop the financial futures market for the Chicago Board of Trade（芝加哥期货交易所）.? He thinks the market for carbon credits could one day be larger than the market for oil. The CCX provides a market to trade on the release. Agricultural businesses can earn credits because plants remove carbon dioxide from the air.? The process is called carbon sequestration(碳封存）.? The exchange trades in emissions of six gases: carbon dioxide, methane（甲烷）, nitrous oxide（一氧化二氮）, sulfur hexafluoride（六氟化硫）, perfluorocarbons（全氟碳化物） and hydrofluorocarbons（氢氟碳化物）. How to trade in greenhouse gases? Cap Members agree to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases they release into the atmosphere by a percentage.? That limit is the cap.?? Trade Trading takes place when members release less than their limit.? That leaves them with a surplus (过多的）of emission credits.? These credits can be sold to members that have released more than their limit. European Climate Exchange The CCX owns the European Climate Exchange, in the Netherlands(荷兰）.? In Europe, big producers of greenhouse gases are required to take part in emissions trading.? Participants To date the exchange has more than 400 members. Corporations like Ford, DuPont, International Paper and Motorola. State and municipalities such as Oakland and Chicago, Educational institutions such as University of California, San Diego, Tufts University(塔夫斯大学）, Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学 ） and University of Minnesota,。 Farmers and their organizations, such as the National Farmers Union（全美农户联盟 ） and the Iowa