英语中的性别歧视现象精选.pptxVIP

英语中的性别歧视现象;Part I; Sexism or gender discrimination is prejudice or discrimination based on a persons sex or gender. Sexism affects men and women, but especially women. It has been linked to stereotypes and gender roles, and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another. Extreme sexism may foster sexual harassment, rape and other forms of sexual violence.; In various ancient societies, especially the Stone Age, women held many equal positions with men. Women in Ancient Egypt and women of the Anglo-Saxon era were also commonly afforded equal status. Evidence, however, is lacking to support the idea that many pre-agricultural societies afforded women a higher status than women today. After the adoption of agriculture and sedentary cultures, the concept that one gender was inferior to the other was established; most often this was imposed upon women and girls. Examples of sexism in the ancient world include written laws preventing women from participating in the political process. Women in ancient Rome could not vote or hold political office. ;Various feminist movements in the 20th century, from liberal feminism and radical feminism to standpoint feminism, postmodern feminism and queer theory have all considered language in their theorizing. Most of these theories have maintained a critical stance on language that calls for a change in the way speakers use their language. ;中国的研究现状： 从21世纪开始越来越多人开始关注语言（特别是英语）中性别歧视的情况。;Part II; 在社会生活中，语言对男女不同的性别一视同仁，它本身是没有性别歧视的，但使用者赋予它们性别色彩，并扣上“男尊女卑”的帽子。语言作为社会的一面镜子和一种社交工具，它的使用不可避免反映了人们的社会观念和社会风俗。丹麦语言学家Jesperson早在1923年出版的《语言与结构》一书中就指出：“英语是他所熟悉的所有语言中最男性化的语言”。[1]P121所以在社会发展日新月异，提倡男女平等的今天，此论题能够归纳出英语中常用或常出现的，而人们不自知的关于性别歧视习惯用法。此举，有利于大家了解女权运动后英语中出现的新词、新用法，了解英语国家的社会变化、语言动态，有意识地加强性别平等的思想教育，也能够在一定程度上推进英语使用的规范化和与时俱进。; 在学习生活中，学校和教师在长期的语言习得、文化传授教学过程中都是偏向于中性表达法的。大家对于英语语言的性别歧视观念十分模糊。而在大学更深入的英语学习中，该问题在交流运用书写中大量涉及，不容忽视。此论题改变了大家对女性的否定态度和在语言的改革方面起到了重要的推进作用。有利于大家在英语学习中,规范自己的语言,在使用上尽量避免带有性别偏见的语句。让大家在今后的英语学习生