重庆理工大学材料科学基础双语翻译第5章modified翻译复习课程.pptVIP

Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering Chapter 5 Diffusion Photograph of a steel钢制 gear齿轮 has been “case hardened”(表面硬化). The outer surface layer 表层was selectively有选择的 hardened变硬 by a high temperature heat 高温treatment处理 during which carbon 炭from the surrounding周围 atmosphere气氛 diffused扩散 into the surface表面. The “case情况” appears出现 as the dark黑暗 outer rim （边缘）of that segment 段of the gear齿轮 that has been sectioned（剖开）. Materials of all types are often heat treated热处理 to improve their properties性能能. The phenomena现象 that occur发生 during a heat treatment almost通常 always involve 包含atomic diffusion扩散. Often an enhancement真大 of diffusion rate扩散速度 is desired要求; on occasion机会 measures are taken to被 reduce减少 it. Heat-treating temperatures and times, and/or cooling rates 冷却速度are often predictable可预见的 using the mathematics数学运算 of diffusion and appropriate 适当diffusion constants扩散常数. The steel钢制的 gear 齿轮shown on展现在 this page页 has been case 情况hardened变硬 (Section 9.14); that is, its hardness硬度 and resistance to failure抗破坏性 by fatigue疲劳 have been enhanced提高 by diffusing扩散 excess额外 carbon炭 or nitrogen氮 into the outer surface layer表层. Grasp the the definition定义 of diffusion and have basic understanding of how diffusion扩散 takes place. Explain some phenomena 现象occurring事件 during a heat treatment热处理 process过程. L e a r n i n g O b j e c t i v e s Words and phrases Fick’s first and second laws 菲克第一第二定律 activation energy 活化能 concentration 浓度 concentration gradient 浓度梯度 concentration profile 浓度曲线 decarburizing 脱碳 diffusion coefficient 扩散系数 diffusion flux 扩散通量 driving force 驱动力 permeability 渗透性 interstitial diffusion 间隙扩散 steady-state diffusion 稳态扩散 non-steady-state diffusion 非稳态扩散 vacancy diffusion 空位扩散 self-diffusion 自扩散 Interdiffusion 互扩散 impurity diffusion 杂质扩散 vibrational