操作系统原理3章节(885KB).ppt

Cooperating Processes Independent process cannot affect or be affected by the execution of another process. Cooperating process can affect or be affected by the execution of another process Advantages of process cooperation Information sharing Computation speed-up Modularity Convenience Operating System Concepts Communication Models Operating System Concepts Msg Passing Shared Memory Communication may take place using either message passing or shared memory. Socket通信 Operating System Concepts Operating System Concepts Communication Models Operating System Concepts Message passing Smaller data exchange Intercomputer communication System call with kernel intervention Shared memory Maximum speed/memory Convenience of communication Protection and synchronization Routine memory access without kernel intervention Producer-Consumer Problem Paradigm for cooperating processes, producer process produces information that is consumed by a consumer process. unbounded-buffer places no practical limit on the size of the buffer. bounded-buffer assumes that there is a fixed buffer size. Operating System Concepts Bounded-Buffer – Shared-Memory Solution Shared data #define BUFFER_SIZE 10 Typedef struct { . . . } item; item buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; int in = 0; int out = 0; Operating System Concepts Bounded-Buffer – Producer Process item nextProduced; while (1) { while (((in + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE) == out) ; /* do nothing */ buffer[in] = nextProduced; in = (in + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE; } Operating System Concepts Bounded-Buffer – Consumer Process item nextConsumed; while (1) { while (in == out) ; /* do nothing */ nextConsumed = buffer[out]; out = (out + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE; } Operating System Concepts Bounded-Buffer Solution is correct, but can only use BUFFER_SIZE-1 elements Operating System Concepts Interprocess Communication (IPC) Mechanism for processes to communicate and to synchronize their actions. Message system – processes communicate with each other with