病毒学案例实例.pptVIP

Virology病 毒 学;Conception;Chapter 18;※ This chapter will focus on; I. Size, shape and structure;; 1. Staphylococcus aureus 2. Rickettsia立克次体 3. Chlamydia衣原体 4. Poxviruses痘病毒 5. Bacteriophage of E. coli 6. Influenza virus流感病毒 7. Adenovirus腺病毒 8. Encephalitis B virus 乙脑病毒 9. Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒; ;Tobacco mosaic virus烟草花叶病毒: rod-shaped;HIV人类免疫缺损病毒Spherical;VSV: bullet-shaped子弹(Vesicular stomatitis水泡性口炎virus): ;Bacteriophage T4: tadpole-shaped蝌蚪;Ebola Virus: filamentous shape; ※Basic structure基本结构: Core核心: Viral nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) Capsid衣壳: Protein shell Capsomers壳粒 (morphological subunit) polypeptide molecules (chemical subunit) Core + Capsid → nucleocapsid 核衣壳 Envelope包膜： Spike刺突 ; It is decided by arrangement of capsomers.  壳粒 Helical symmetry螺旋对称 (e.g., tobacco mosaic virus) Icosahedral symmetry二十面体立体对称 (e.g., adenovirus) complex symmetry复合对称(e.g., Poxviruses ) 作用：保护、鉴定、分类、 介导、免疫原性 ;Naked virus裸露病毒: Nucleocapsid is the virion. Enveloped virus包膜病毒: Nucleocapsid+Envelope→virion spikes or peplomers包膜子粒; Special structure特殊结构: e.g. Retrovirus has reverse transcriptase逆转录酶;nucleocapsid;CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VIRUSES病毒的化学组成 ; In host cell, virus replicates its nucleic acid and synthesizes its proteins, then assembles装配 them to form progeny viral particles子代病毒颗粒 that are released mainly by budding or host cell lysis. ; Absorption /Attachment Penetration穿入 Uncoating脱壳 Biosynthesis生物合成 Assembly组装 Maturation and Release ;1、Attachment / Absorption吸附;Mechanisms: A. Endocytosis内吞作用 The naked viruses 裸露病毒 B. Fusion 融合between cell membrane and viral envelope The enveloped viruses 包膜病毒 ; C. Nucleic acid translocation 移动: Some bacteriophages and naked viruses;;3、Uncoating脱壳: capsid 衣壳 is removed and  viral