大学专业英语chapter five重点培训.pptVIP

Chapter5 Social Psychology Shirley Xie Content: Social influence Pro- and anti-social behavior Social relationship 1、Zimbardo’s prison experiment Aim: to demonstrate causes of certain behaviors and thought patterns of social roles. Method: Subject: 22 male Apparatus: prison, uniforms Procedure Results: effects on both prisoners and guards Evaluation: Methodological Data analysis Ethical problems Theoretical / 4、Milgram’s study of obedience(1963) The Subjects, learner and experimenter Vocal feedback condition Results Factors explaining obedience Social impact theory: number, immediacy, strength Social situation, the apparatus, authority, subject-banality of evil 5、Theories of conformity Crutchfield’s conformity personality theory Less intellectual competent, less ego strength, less leadship ability, more narrow minded Informational social theory Uncertain conditions/social comparison/expert power/internalisation conformity Normative social theory Need of social acceptance/reward power/coercive power/compliance Ingratiational social theory Desire to join a particular social group/referent reward/identification conformity 6、Collective behavior Group think Brain storming Group polarisation Social loafing Social facilitation Pro- and anti-social behavior Pro-social behavior Definition: behavior that benefits others or has positive social consequences. Altruism: Emotional arousal and empathy Good Samaritanism experiment Aim: to investigate, under real life conditions, the effect on the speed and frequency of helping, and the race of the helper, of Type of victim The race of the victim The presence of helping models The size of the witnessing group Good Samaritanism experiment Method Subjects Procedure Results Emotional arousal economic analysis of costs and rewards The situational determinants of helping The reactions of others The norms of society Environmental location Ambiguity The number of bystanders The proximity of bystanders Aggression-social learn