压缩天然气海洋运输.ppt

AV\filename.ppt Marine Transportation of Compressed Natural Gas Jan V. Wagner, Fluor Canada Ltd. World Petroleum Congress,Second Regional Meeting, December 8-11, 2003, Doha, Qatar Introduction LNG Carriers at present are the only commercial means of shipping gas by sea CNG Coselle invention by Cran Stenning ignited renewed interest in CNG (Technology owned now by Williams Energy) New proponents entered the scene: EnerSea, TransCanada, Knutsen, C-Natural Gas, IMA/WS Nelson, etc. Large and small diameter pipes, round and rectangular, coiled and straight, refrigerated or ambient cargo, etc. Introduction (cont’d) Isobaric and non-isobaric systems Steel and composite materials for CNG containers General promise from CNG: economically exploit modest reserves in moderate volumes over shorter distances CNG concepts promise to be more economical for volumes 200 to 500 MMSCFD and over 500 to 2,000 miles distance compared to pipeline or LNG LNG/CNG/Supergas LNG (liquefied natural gas) Transportation at atmospheric pressure, temperature -160 C (-260 F), volume reduction about 600 times CNG (compressed natural gas), transportation at elevated pressures (2,000 to 4,000 psig), temperature varies by concept and application Volume reduction about 200-280 times Supergas - NG/LPG mixture as pressurized liquid (lower pressure than CNG,more methane per storage volume) Marine CNG Concepts Overview Marine CNG concept not new - bottle ship in late 1960’s tested in New Jersey harbour CNG Coselle: 6 inch pipe coiled, 10.6 miles long, coils stacked in cargo space VOTRANS:large diameter pipe (vertical or horizontal) in refrigerated cargo space - isobaric system GTM: straight long large diameter pipe (48”x80 feet), resin coated pipe Coselle Concept Small diameter pipe (6”) coiled, each coil is 11 miles long Typical Coselle CNG carrier designed around a double-hulled 60,000-dwt bulk carrier 108 Coselles per ship, “standard” ship capacity is around 345 mmscfd Transportation pressure 3,000 psi