抗生素(英文精品) Antimicrobial Drugs教程文件.pptVIP

* Their broad spectrum of activity and safety profile make the cephalosporins one of the most widely prescribed class of antimicrobials. The earlier generation cephalosporins are commonly used for community-acquired infections, while the later generation agents, with their better spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria make them useful for hospital-acquired infections or complicated community-acquired infections. The Professor of Hygiene of the University of Cagliari, Giuseppe Brotzu (1895-1976), wondered why typhoid fever was less virulent in his city than elsewhere. He had formulated various hypotheses, all in vain. One day, while he was passing through the neighbourhood of the bay of Su Siccu he saw some young people bathing in the sea , just in the waters where Cagliari sewer system debouches without contracting the disease. So he took a sample of the water to test its effect on a culture of salmonella typhi. Since it was wartime and there was no meat to make the broth for the culture medium, Brotzu used the placentas obtained from parturient women in the maternity ward, that he then boiled in order to obtain the medium. With the help of his assistant Antonio Spanedda (1907-1998), he isolated a fungus from this water that produced an effective substance against Gram-negative bacteria- (the typhoid is in fact caused by Salmonella Typhi, which like all the enterobacteriaceae is Gram- negative) however, the fungal extract he had prepared was a raw compound which could not be produced on a larges scale. When Brotzu asked for funding from the Italian Committee for research it was not given to him for political reasons since he had previously adhered to Fascism, as did almost all Italian university professors. Moreover, Brotzu dedicated himself less to research because he got more involved in politics, first becoming Mayor of Cagliari and then President of the Region of Sardinia. During fascist times, Brotzu had already been involved in the fight agai