抗生素话题(英文教学)Topical Antibiotics幻灯片课件.pptVIP

Topical Antibiotics;Topical antibiotics help prevent infections caused by bacteria that get into minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. Treating minor wounds with antibiotics allows quicker healing. If the wounds are left untreated, the bacteria will multiply, causing pain, redness, swelling, itching, and oozing. Untreated infections can eventually spread and become much more serious.;Which bacteria?;Which topical antibiotics are common?;Ester linkage is rapidly hydrolyzed hepatically, thus precluding utility as an oral or intravenous antibiotic;Mupirocin inhibits bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase.;Products containing Mupirocin;Polymyxin B;Polymixin B;Polymyxin: Antibacterial activity;Polymyxins: Mechanism of action;Products containing polymyxin B;Bacitracin A;Bacitracin: History;Bacitracin: Antibacterial Activity;Bacitracin: Mechanism;Specifically bacitracin tightly binds undecaprenyl pyrophosphate, preventing the hydrolysis into undecaprenyl phosphate This step is essential for recycling of the carrier Link ;Products containing Bacitracin;Gramicidin;Gramicidins;Gramicidins;Unfortunately, Gramicidin S is hemolytic, and thus is limited to topical use. Mechanism of action is believed to be at the cytoplasmic membrane. ;Gramicidins: Mechanism of action;Gramicidin is an unusual peptide, with alternating D L amino acids. In lipid bilayer membranes, gramicidin dimerizes folds as a right-handed b-helix. The dimer just spans the bilayer. Primary structure of gramicidin (A):;The outer surface of the gramicidin dimer, which interacts with the core of the lipid bilayer, is hydrophobic. Ions pass through the more polar lumen of the helix. Ion flow through individual gramicidin channels can be observed if a small number of gramicidin molecules is present in a lipid bilayer separating 2 compartments containing salt solutions.;Neomycin;Historical: Aminoglycosides;Neomycin;Like other aminoglycosides, neomycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, thus inhibiti