蛋白质一级、二级、三级、四级结构.pptVIP

proteins primary,secondary, tertiary,and quaternary structures 刘世强 1.Primary structure The primary structure of a pratein refers to the linear sequence in which the constituent amino acids are covalently linked through amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds. The peptide linkage results from condensation of the α-carboxyl group of ith amino acid and the α-amino group of i+1th amino acid with removal of a water molecule. In this linear sequence,all the amino acid residues are in the L-configuration.Aprotein with n amino acid residues n-1 peptide linkages. 2.Secondary Structure Secondary structure refers to the periodic spatial arrangement of amino acid residues at certain segments of the polypeptide chain.The periodic structures arise when consecutive amino acid residues in a segment assume the same set of φandψ torsion angles. In general,two forms of periodic(regular)secondary structures are found in proteins.These are helical structures and extended sheet-like structures. Helical structures:Protein helical structures are formed when the φandψ angles of consecutive amino acid residues are twisted to a same set of values.In proteins,only three types of helical structures,namely α-. 310 -,β-helix,are found. β-sheet structure:The β-sheet is an extended structure with specific geometries .In this extended form, the C=O and N-H groups are oriented perpendicular to the direction of the chain,and therefore hydrogen bonding is possible only between segments,and not within segment. 3.Tertiary structure Tertiary structure refers to the spatial arrangement attained when a linear protein chain with secondary structure segments folds further into a compact three-dimensional form. 4.Quaternary structure Quaternary structure refers to the spatial arrangement of a protein when it contains more than one polypeptide chain. * * *