Handbook of Railway Vehicle dynamics 04文档.pdfVIP

4 Wheel –Rail Contact Je an-Bernard Ayasse and Hugues Chollet CONTENTS I. Introduction 86 A. Basic Model of a Wheelset, Degrees of Freedom 87 II. The Normal Contact 88 A. Hertzian Contact 88 1. Ratio A/B, Relation with b/a 90 2. Calculation of the Semi Axes 90 3. Convexity, Concavity and Radius Sign 91 4. Particular Case: 2D Contact 91 5. Contact Pressure 91 B. Tables, Polynomial Expressions and Faster Methods 92 1. Continuous Expression of the Tables 92 2. Analytical Approximation of the Tables 92 C. Application to the Railway Field 93 1. Contact Plane Angle, Conicity 93 2. A Note on Conicity 93 3. Normal Load 93 4. Determination of the Longitudinal Curvature of the Wheel 93 5. Contact Point between the Wheel and Rail Profiles 93 6. Direct Comparison of the Antagonist Curvatures 94 7. One or Two Wheel– Rail Pairs? 94 III. The Tangent Problem 95 A. Forces and Couples on a Wheelset 95 1. Approximations 95 B. Tangent Forces: Rolling Friction Simple Models 96 1. Historical Review 96 C. Linear Expressions of the Creep Forces 97 D. Definition of Creepages 97 1. Quasi-Static Creepages 97 2. Quasi-Static Creepages in the Railway Case 97 3. Longitudinal Creepage 98 4. Lateral Creepage 98 5. Spin Creepage 99 6. Dynamic Formulation of the Creepages 99