熔盐电解法制备铝镁合金过程电流效率和反电动势研究-有色金属.docVIP

熔盐电解法制备铝镁合金过程电流效率和反电动势研究 张保国1，李继东1，王一雍1，张明杰2 辽宁科技大学 材料与冶金学院，辽宁鞍山 1140512.东北大学 材料与冶金学院，沈阳 110004） 摘要：为原料MgF2-LiF-KCl电解质体系中熔盐电解制备铝镁合金考查电解时间、电流度对电流效率以及合金中镁含量的影响并采用连续脉冲计算机法测量电解过程反电动势的变化。结果表明电流效率随电流密度电解时间增加先增大后减小；镁含量随电流度增加先增大后减小，随电解时间逐渐增大3 A的电流强度下电解2 h的电流效率达87%加料前后平均反电动势降低0.5 V（1%）的加料周期约45 min。铝镁合金中镁浓度分布比较均匀，无明显偏析现象。 关键词：铝镁合金熔盐电解反电动势电流效率TG146.21 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1007-7545（2015）03-0000-00 Study on Current Efficiency and Back EMF during Preparation of Al-Mg Alloy by Molten Salt Electrolysis ZHANG Bao-guo1, LI Ji-dong1, WANG Yi-yong1, ZHANG Ming-jie2 (1. School of Materials and Metallurgy, Liaoning University of Science and Technology, Anshan 114051, Liaoning, China; 2. School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China) Abstract: Al-Mg alloy was prepared in MgF2-LiF-KCl electrolyte system by molten salt electrolysis with MgO as raw material. The effects of electrolysis duration and current intensity on current efficiency and magnesium content were investigated. Back EMF was measured by continuous pulse computer method. The results show that current efficiency rises first and then drops with increasing of current intensity and electrolysis duration. Magnesium content in alloy rises first and then drops with increasing of current intensity while rises with electrolysis duration. Current efficiency is 87% under electrolysis at I=3 A for 2 h. Back EMF decreases 0.5 V after feeding for 45 min. Magnesium is distributed evenly in Al-Mg alloy with no obvious segregation. Key words: Al-Mg alloy; molten salt electrolysis; back EMF; current efficiency 镁合金具有许多优异的性能，如密度低比强度和比刚度高无毒性、无磁性、高的热导率优良的机械加工性能和抛光性能可回收利用[1-4]，广泛应用通讯电子、汽车、航空航天、军事工业等领域 [5-7]。 而铝基镁合金能充分满足3C产品高度集成化、轻薄化、微型化、抗摔撞及电磁屏蔽和散热的要求。目前铝镁合金的制备方法主要是对掺法，但是对掺法使得二次重熔镁损失掉并增加了热损，工艺过程流程较长并复杂成本也比较高[8]。而熔盐电解法简化了工艺过程生产连续易控制且无金属的二次烧损、成本低[1]。采用铝液下沉式电解槽结构，在MgF2-LiF-KCl电解质体系中，以MgO为原料，下沉液态铝做阴极，使镁离子在阴极还原成镁单质而进入铝液中形成铝镁合金，电解生成的合金产物沉于电解质底部与空气隔离，避免了氧化损耗。本重点对制备铝镁合金过程反电动势和电流效率进行深入研究，以氧化镁为原料熔盐电解法制备铝基镁合金的最优化工艺。 1 试验 1.1 试验