language and culture大学英语语言学课件_精品.ppt

* e.g. ‘dog’ in some metaphors: In the West, possessing positive or neutral meanings like lucky dog, clever dog, and ‘He works like a dog.’ (means He works very hard.) In China, dogs are generally associated with unpleasantness, such as 狗仗人势, 狼心狗肺 * e.g. ‘bat’ in some metaphors: In the West, bat is associated with negative qualities, such as ‘as blind as a bat’, ‘He is a little batty (mad)’, etc. In China, the bat (蝙蝠) is a symbol of good fortune, happiness because 蝙蝠 is pronounced the same as the word 福. * as strong as a horse 壮如牛 as stubborn as a mule 倔得像头牛 as stupid as a goose 蠢得像头猪 * The significance of cultural teaching and learning We need to learn enough about the languages culture so that we can communicate in the target language properly to achieve not only the linguistic competence but also the pragmatic or communicative competence as well. * Cultural overlap and diffusion 文化的重叠与扩散 Cultural overlap: Owing to some similarities, there may exist the sameness between two cultures. Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B, thus bringing about cultural diffusion. e.g. the loan-words, cultural imperialism owing to linguistic imperialism * Intercultural communication 跨文化交流 communication between people from different cultures, which implies a comparison between cultures. It centers on the differences about social relations and concept of universe from different aspects such as language, food, dress, attitudes towards time, work habits, social behavior that may cause frustration in communications and contacts. Additional Information * * Topic Areas: 1. Cross-cultural communication: differences between Chinese and English in beliefs, values, attitudes, customs, thought patterns, concepts of time, space, privacy, human right, ranking, etc. * 2 Cross-cultural association: differences between Chinese and English in association of animal, plant, colour, figure, culture-loaded w