Alimentary system sample教学讲义.pptVIP

Splanchnology内脏学;目的和要求 1. 掌握内脏学的概念，胸部的重要标志线和腹部的分区，了解内脏的一般结构。 2．掌握消化系统的组成，了解其功能。 3．了解口腔的分部、境界、唇、颊、腭的形态结构。 4．掌握乳牙和恒牙的牙式，牙的形态结构。 5．掌握舌的形态结构和粘膜特征，掌握颏舌肌的位置和作用。 6．掌握唾液腺的位置和导管开口部位。 7．掌握咽的位置、分部、各部的形态结构和交通，了解咽壁肌。掌握各扁桃体的位置和功能。 8．掌握食管的起止、分段、位置及狭窄部位，了解食管壁的结构。 ; Chapter 4 The General Description;Ⅰ. The general structure of viscera;Ⅱ. The reference line and abdominal regions;Ⅱ) Abdominal regions 腹部分区 Quadrants四分区 Nine-area method 九分区;Chapter 5  The Alimentary System 消化系统;;Section one The Oral Cavity 口腔;Ⅰ.Oral lips 口唇(front door) Red margin of lips唇红 Oral fissure口裂; Ⅲ. Palate 腭 ( roof );Isthmus of fauces 咽峡 (exit) formed by uvula, posterior border of velum palatinum, both side of palatoglossal arches, and root of tongue.;Ⅳ. Teeth;牙的标示: Upper jaw Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Lower jaw in. in. can. mol. mol. Deciduous teeth Upper jaw 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lower jaw Permanent teeth Ⅳ ? 4 ?;Ⅱ) General feature Each tooth consists of 3 parts: Crown 牙冠 Neck 牙颈 Root 牙根 Dental cavity牙腔;Ⅲ) Calcified tissues 牙组织 Dentine 牙质 Enamel 釉质 Cement 牙骨质 Dental pulp牙髓 Ⅳ) Periodontal tissue 牙周组织 Periodontal membrane 牙周膜 Alveolar bone 牙槽骨 Gum / gingiva 牙龈;Ⅴ. Tongue (Lingua)舌;Ⅱ) Lingual mucous membrane Papillae of tongue 舌乳头 Filiform papillae丝状乳头 fungiform papillae菌状乳头 foliate papillae叶状乳头 vallate papillae 轮廓乳头 Lingual tonsil 舌扁桃体;Frenulum of tongue舌系带 Sublingual caruncle舌下阜 Sublingual fold舌下襞; Ⅲ) Muscles of tongue舌肌 Intrinsic muscles of tongue??内肌 Extrinsic muscles of tongue舌外肌 Genioglossus颏舌肌 Action作用: acting together draw tongue forward and downward; acting along making apex of tongue to opposite side;Ⅵ. Major salivary glands;Ⅱ) Submandibular gland下颌下腺 Position: lies in submandi