英语语言学Chapter13Discourseanalysis.pptVIP

Discourse Analysis Make sense of what we read in texts, understand what speakers mean despite what they say Recognize connected as opposed to jumbled or incoherent discourse Interpreting Discourse We concern with the accurate representation of the forms and structures used in a L Can cope with fragments Make sense of notices Understand texts which break “rules” of Eng Cohesion Ties and connectins which exist within text My father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to hlpe pay for my college education. Sometimes, I think I’d rather have the convertible. Coherence Cohesion would not be sufficient to enable us to make sense of what we read Coherence exists in people, not in L People make sense of what they hear and read Filling gaps, creating meaningful connections Speech Events Enormous variation in what people say and do in different circumstances Sources of variation: specify roles, relationships, topic of the conversation, setting or context Conversational Interaction English conversation: activity in which 2 or more people take turns at speaking Mark completion point: asking a question,pausing at the end fo completed syntactic structure Taking turns:make short repeated sounds, body shifts, facial expressions Conversatinal Interaction Rudeness: one speaker appears to cut in on another speaker Shyness: one speaker keeps waiting for an opportunity to take a turn and none seems to occur Long-winded (holding the floor): no marking of end of a sentence, no pause; make sentence run on by connectors: and, and then, but, so; fill the pause with hesitation markers: er, em, un, ah. The Co-operative Principle Quantity: Make your contribution as informative as is required, but not more or less, than is required Quality: Do not say that which you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence Relation: Be relevant Manner: Be clear, brief and orderly Background Kno