有机化学专题（Special topics in Organic Chemistry）.docVIP

有机化学专题（Special topics in Organic Chemistry） Special review of Organic Chemistry Focus on: 1. Homologues and isomers of organic compounds What are the ways of examining such questions?: The number of isomers 1 determine the number of all the isomers of a molecular formula or has some properties, structure characteristics, branched chain or side chain number restrictions, or the type of organic matter; Second, some information (such as space, according to the information to determine the number of heterogeneous) or simple structure isomers, or many isomers in the choice of a suitable material as the intermediate of organic synthesis. In determining the number of isomers, more inference should be used; when writing isomers, the heterogeneity of carbon chains, functional groups, isomerism, and functional isomers should be considered. Example 1. the following isomers belong to each of the substances A, 126C, and 136C, B, O2, and O3 Analysis: the problem mainly for students to examine the isotope, allotrope, isomers and homologues, the same substance concept. A B isotope; allotrope; two substances in C is tetrahedral structure with carbon atom as the center, rather than the plane structure, so there is no isomers, they are the same substance; D isomers. Answer: D. Summary: the common functional group isomer (the same number of carbon atoms) has: Mono olefins and naphthenes (CnH2n); alkynes and dienes (CnH2n-2); saturated monobasic alcohol and ether (CnH2n+2O); a saturated aldehyde and ketone (CnH2nO); saturated carboxylic acid and ester (saturated hydrocarbon) (CnH2nO2); aromatic alcohols and phenols; glucose and fructose (C6H12O6) malt; sugar and sucrose (C12H22O11). Note: Although starch and cellulose are identical in form, they are called isomers. Example 2.. The molecular structure of B3N3H6, a known compound, is similar to that of C6H6 (benzene), as shown below: The isomer number of the two chloro benzene B3N3H4Cl2 is A, 2 B, 3 C, 4 D, 6 Analysis: this question can b