医学circulation1-heart as a pump-LW.pptVIP

Relationship of the ECG to cardiac cycle P wave appears before the atrial contraction. QRS complex begins slightly before the onset of ventricle contraction. T wave occurs slightly before the end of ventricular contraction. Function of the Valves Prevent reflux of blood Ensure the one-way flow of blood AV valves (tricuspid and mitral valves) Vp Ap close Vp Ap open Semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary valves) Vp AOp open Vp AOp close Pressure gradient results from ventricles contraction or relaxation. Valves open and close passively. The action of the valves is driven by pressure gradient. The Heart Sounds Heart sounds are caused by the closure of valves. first heart sounds A-V valves close (at the beginning of systole) Ventricle contracts lower frequency long-lasting Ventricle relaxes semilunar valves close (at the beginning of diastole) second heart sound higher frequency short period Isovolumic contraction Isovolumic relaxation The ventricular pressure curve ventricular pressure: 0-120mmHg ventricle contracts ventricular pressure up to 120 mmHg ventricle relaxes ventricular pressure down to 0 mmHg The Aortic Pressure Curve ventricle contracts ventricle relaxes ventricle pressure ventricle pressure Blood flows into aorta ventricle stop ejection; The elastic recoil of arteries maintain high aortic pressure aortic pressure increases aortic pressure to 120 mmHg falls to 80mmHg (systolic pressure) (diastolic pressure) Aortic pressure Cardiac Output (CO): is the blood volume ejected