操作系统原理CCH01.ppt

Applied Operating System Concepts 嵌入式操作系统的应用 嵌入计算的各种应用特点 掌上电脑： 运算速度： 100 KIPS 在大小上优化、支持手写、低能耗 工业设备： 运算速度： 1 MIPS 安全优先，控制流程为主 军事装备 运算速度 ：1 GFLOPS 可靠性最重要 Applied Operating System Concepts 智能卡 移动通信 计算机外设 机顶盒 零售设备 印刷机 复印机 互联网服务器 电话交换设备 嵌入式操作系统的应用 Applied Operating System Concepts Parallel Systems并行系统 Multiprocessor systems with more than one CPU in close communication.有紧密通信的、多于一个CPU的多处理器系统 Tightly coupled system – processors share memory and a clock; communication usually takes place through the shared memory. 紧偶合系统 - 处理器共享内存和时钟；一般通过共享内存进行通信 Advantages of parallel system: 并行系统的优点 Increased throughput增大吞吐量 Economical 经济 Increased reliability提高可靠性 graceful degradation（有故障时）优雅的降低性能 fail-soft systems（又称）软失效系统 Applied Operating System Concepts Parallel Systems并行系统(Cont.) Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)对称多处理 器 Each processor runs an identical copy of the operating system. 每个处理器运行操作系统的相同副本 Many processes can run at once without performance deterioration.许多进程可以立即运行不会降低性能 Most modern operating systems support SMP多数现代操作系统支持SMP Asymmetric multiprocessing非对称多处理器 Each processor is assigned a specific task; master processor schedules and allocates work to slave processors.每个处理器赋予一个特定任务；主处理器为从处理器调度和分配作业 More common in extremely large systems常用在非常大的系统中 Applied Operating System Concepts Symmetric Multiprocessing Architecture对称多处理器体系结构 Applied Operating System Concepts Distributed Systems分布式系统 Distribute the computation among several physical processors.计算分布在若干物理处理器上 Loosely coupled system – each processor has its own local memory; processors communicate with one another through various communications lines, such as high-speed buses or telephone lines. （从处理器管理角度看）松散偶合系统 - 每个处理器有自身的本地存储器；通过各种通信设施，如高速总线、电话线等进行处理器之间的通信 Advantages of distributed systems.分布式系统的优点 Resources Sharing 资源共享 Computation speed up – load sharing 加快计算 - 共享装载 Reliability可靠 Communications通信 Applied Operating System Concepts Distributed Systems分布式系统(Cont.) Network Operating System网络操作系统 pro