Cultural Factors - Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA文化因素-温思罗普大学，石山，SC 29733，美国.pptVIP

Cultural Factors How do cultural factors contribute to emotional and behavioral disorders? Appeal of Cultural Factors as Causal Explanations Macroculture -Nations and other large entities Microculture -Smaller groups within macrocultures Cultural Norms -Conflicting values can affect emotional and behavioral development Conflicting Cultural Values and Standards Hitting and aggression vs. corporal punishment Children of interracial marriages Fostering violence in media and entertainment Teenage pregnancy A Multicultural Perspective Issues of cultural bias Societal dominance by European microcultures What standards of conduct should we use? Problems in Evaluating the Effects of Cultural Factors Untangling effects of individual factors is impossible. Research is limited or nonexistent. Interrelation of culture and temperament. Biology, Family, School, and Culture: A Tangled Web of Causal Influences Role of schools in American culture. Deterioration of family and other social institutions. Genetics and environment. Mass Media Includes printed materials, radio, television, motion pictures, and the Internet. Television and aggressive, violent behavior. Television and Violence Bandura’s Social Cognitive Model Person variables Thoughts and feelings about violence and characters in the media Social environment School, home, community Behavior Child’s selection of violent programs and aggressive responses to problem situations Effects of TV on children with EBD Sprafkin, GGadow, and Adelman (1992) Gadow and Sprafkin (1993) No effects on prosocial behavior Negative effects of high levels of viewing regardless of content Peer Group Positive, reciprocal peer relationships -Critical for normal social development Peer group pressure -Can lead to maladaptive patterns of behavior Absence of Positive Peer Relationships High status or social acceptance -Associated with helpfulness, friendliness, and conformity to rules Low status or social rejection -Associated with hostilit