Sample Abstract摘要范例.pptVIP

Tense In writing the abstract, do not use the future tense, even to say In my presentation, I will.... if you use the future tense some abstract reviewers may think you havent completed the research. Don’t confuse verb tenses: use present tense to describe results with continuing applicability; use the past tense to describe tests applied; and future tense to project research and predict findings. Don’t Use “I” and Avoid Passive Voice Do not use the first person I or we.? In addition, whenever possible, choose active verbs instead of passive ones (ex:? use the study tested instead of it was tested by the study or I tested in the study). Do not include references to figures, tables, or sources. IEEE Guidelines “If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or plural and use the active voice … Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to proofread your paper. Template for Preparation of Papers for IEEE Sponsored Conferences SymposiaFrank Anderson, Sam B. Niles, Jr., and Theodore C. Donald, Member, IEEE AMA Manual of Style recommends that: “In general, authors should use the active voice, except in instances in which the author is unknown or the interest focuses on what is acted upon.“ AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors. 10th ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2007.  The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) has similar advice: Prefer the active voice....The passive voice is acceptable in expository writing and when you want to focus on the object or recipient of the action rather than on the actor.“ American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.  Nature Nature journals like authors to write in the active voice, as experience has shown that readers find concepts and results to be conveyed more clearly if written directly.“ How to