82 surface phenomenon of liquid：液体的表面现象82.ppt

This relation can be used to determine the surface tension of liquids – capillary rise method Measurement of porosity distribution: Mercury method p * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * §8.2 Surface phenomenon of liquid Chapter 8 Surface phenomenon and dispersion system 8.2.3 wetting and spreading g S l ?g-l + ?g-s ? ?s-l ?G = ?s-l – (?g-l + ?g-s) = -Wa Work of Adhesion (1) adhesion 1. Some definitions Wa = ?g-l + ?g-s – ?s-l Wa 0 The solid can be wetted by the liquid. 8.2.3 wetting and spreading (2) immersion ?g-s ? ?s-l ?G = ?s-l - ?g-s = -Wi Wi = ?g-s - ?s-l 0 Work of immersion (3) spreading ?g-s ? ?s-l + ?l-g ?G = ?s-l + ?l-g - ?s-g = -S S = ?s-g - ?s-l - ?l-g 0 The liquid spreads over the solid spontaneously. spreading coefficient 2. Contact angle (?) Hydrophobicity of conversion layer on Mg alloy goniometer The contact angle (?) is the angle measured through the liquid, where a liquid/vapor interface meets a solid surface ?g-l ?g-s ?s-l ? Under equilibrium: ?g-l cos ? + ?s-l = ?g-s Young equation When :?g-s - ?s-l = ?g-l , cos? =1, ? = 0 o, Complete wettable. When :?g-s-?s-l ?g-l , 0cos? 1, ?90 o, wettable. When :?g-s ?s-l , cos? 0, ? 90 o, nonwettable. The direction of surface tension 3. Lyophobic and lyophilic solids The greater the specific energy, the easier the spreading of liquid over solid. ?g-s – ?g-l – ?s-l 0 ?g-s ?g-l + ?s-l ?g-s ?g-l ?g-l ?g-s ?s-l ? ?g-s 100 mN m-1, high-energy surface : Metals, oxides, chlorides, inorganic salts. ?g-s ? 500 ~ 5000 mN m-1 ?g-s 100 mN m-1, low-energy surface: organic solids, polymers. PTFE: ?g-s ? 18 mN m-1 Nonstick cooker 4. Spreading over liquid SO/W = - ?G = ?W - ?O - ?W/O SO/W 0, oil can spread over water SO/W 0, oil floats in shape of lens. Liquids Iso-C5H12O C6H6 C6H12 CS2 CH2I2 SO/W 44.0 8.8 3.4 -8.2 -26.5 Floating oil drop on chicken soup Floating oil on sea surface Clapham Common (2000 m2) 1774 Benjamin Franklin (2.4 nm) The film formed over wat