THE PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE - Union County 精神分析学派的观点-联合县.pptVIP

Theories of PersonalityPower Point Presentation by Avidan Milevsky, Ph.D.Touro College South CHAPTER TENSKINNER AND STAATS:The Challengeof Behaviorism Chapter Overview Chapter Overview Chapter Overview Preview of Skinner’s and Staats’s Theory Radical Behaviorism: Skinner B. F. Skinner Behavior as the Data for Scientific Study The Evolutionary Context of Operant Behavior The Rate of Responding The Evolutionary Context Of Operant Behavior behavior selected by the environment operant conditioning Mode of learning in which the frequency of responding is influenced by the consequences that are contingent upon a response bar-pressing in rats, reinforced by food smiling in a child, reinforced by parental approval The Rate of Responding Skinner box controls the environment operant response response Learning Principles Reinforcement: Increasing the Rate of Responding Punishment and Extinction: Decreasing the Rate of Responding Additional Behavioral Techniques Reinforcement: Increasing the Rate of Responding positive reinforcer base rate primary reinforcer secondary reinforcer negative reinforcer Punishment and Extinction: Decreasing the Rate of Responding punishment: a stimulus contingent upon a response and that has the effect of decreasing the rate of responding extinction: reduction in the rate of responding when reinforcement ends Additional Behavioral Techniques shaping: reinforcement of successive approximations of behavior chaining: one response produces or alters some of the variables that control another response discrimination learning: learning to respond differentially, depending on environmental stimuli generalization: responding to stimuli that are similar to, but not identical to, the stimuli present during training Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous Reinforcement Partial Reinforcement fixed ratio schedule (FR) variable ratio schedule (VR) fixed interval schedule (FI) variable interval schedule (VI) Applications of Behavioral Techniques The