医学英语 英文版讲课PPT 呼吸系统 宁夏医科大学.pptVIP

Respiratory System 王雪源 苏 彤 王浩浩 苏涛涛 王 静 马维平 马 欣 马 阳 马喜玲 马永强 Structure Function *Known as the throat region *It is an area in which both air and food pass through pharynx Structure Function *Also called the Adam’s apple *or voice box *2 pairs of vibrating membranes *Humans use the larynx as a voice box which contains vocal cords that vibrate and produce sound as air passes through Larynx *AKA: windpipe **Kept open by rings of cartilage **Lined with a ciliated mucus membrane Breathing tube (One cigarette paralyzes the cilia for 20 minutes) Trachea *Trachea divides into two major divisions known as bronchi **also contain cartilage rings ***The bronchi subdivide many times forming smaller tubules known as bronchioles *Two tubes air leading to the lungs Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Structure Function *Lack cartilage rings **Tiny bronchioles subdivide and terminate (end) with structures known as alveoli *Smallest air tubes within the lungs Bronchioles Structure Function *thin, (like capillaries) *moist *surrounded by capillaries *gas exchange between the lung and the blood **increase surface area for gas exchange ***O2 diffuses into the blood from the alveoli and CO2 and water diffuse out of the blood and into the alveoli Alveoli (I) Breathing Process Lungs are highly elastic (stretchable) Breathing is controlled by the medulla Movement of the diaphragm and ribcage causes pressure change in the chest cavity which moves air into and out of the lungs The breathing rate is controlled by the concentration of CO2 in the blood When you breath you are inhaling and exhaling…. Inhalation = O2 (oxygen) enters the body system Exhalation =CO2 (carbon dioxide) is passed out of the body (II)The Mechanics of Breathing Air inhaled Diaphragm Rib cage rises Air exhaled Diaphragm Rib cage lowers Inhalation Exhalation (III)Gas Exchange The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood. External Respiration The exchange