Emissions System PowerpointPowerPoint排放系统.pptVIP

Emission Controls emission control system Purpose: control emissions and exhaust from vehicle Turn the harmful gases the car manufactures into harmless ones that dont ruin the environment Problem gases : hydrocarbons (unburned) HC carbon monoxide CO nitrogen oxides NOx sulfur dioxide SO2 phosphorus P lead and other metals Pb Three (major) Pollutants Hydrocarbons (HC) Un-burnt Gasoline Carbon Monoxide (CO) CO results from the incomplete combustion Fuel Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) NOx results from air being overheated. HC HC results from gasoline that is not burned in the engine. This can be due from misfires, burning rich, open loop operation, or excessive cranking. CO CO results from the incomplete combustion of organic materials. gasoline, kerosene, natural gas, propane, coal, wood, charcoal, diesel fuel, heating oil and almost any other combustible material, such as tobacco and paper. NOx Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are reactive gases Cause a host of environmental concerns impacting adversely on human health and welfare. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), in particular, is a brownish gas that has been linked with higher susceptibility to respiratory infection, increased airway resistance in asthmatics, and decreased pulmonary function. Other effects: Principle cause of ground-level ozone formation Contribute to acid deposition, which can damage trees at high elevations and increases the acidity of lakes and streams, which can severely damage aquatic life Contribute to increased levels of particulate matter by changing into nitric acid in the atmosphere and forming particulate nitrate combustion temperature gets above 2,500 degrees F Evaporation from the fuel tank. 5% Blow-by gases which escape from the crankcase. 20-25% Tail pipe emissions. 60-75% Carburetor evaporation from the float bowl on old cars. POLUTION 20 % Crankcase vapors 20% Fuel Vaporization 60% Exhaust Three Ways to Control Pollution 1 – Improve combustion 2 – Capture the vapors and re-burn