医学术语(呼吸系统).ppt

Respiratory System Chapter 5 Functions of the Respiratory System Breathing process Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Enable speech production Internal Respiration All cells require oxygen for metabolism All cells require means to remove carbon dioxide Gas exchange at cellular level External Respiration Ventilation exchange of air between lungs and atmosphere Gas Exchange in pulmonary capillaries Breathing largely involuntary activity Structures of Respiratory System upper respiratory tract nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx and trachea lower respiratory tract bronchial tree and lungs Nose nasal cavity nasal septum paranasal sinuses mucous membrane mucus cilia olfactory receptors Mucosa Mucosa Olfactory Mucosa ?? sense of smell Respiratory Mucosa Secretes antibacterial enzymes and mucus. Ciliated cells sweep material to pharynx. Surface increased by scrolled nasal conchae Pharynx nasopharynx adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils oropharynx palatine tonsils laryngopharynx larynx Epiglottis oropharynx and laryngopharynx serve as a common passageway for both food and air epiglottis acts as a lid or flap that covers the larynx and trachea (airway) so food does not enter the lungs. Trachea Windpipe or airway mucous membrane lining with cilia smooth muscle with c-shaped cartilage rings divides into two branches: bronchi no gaseous exchange Larynx Functions Provide airway Switching station between food and air intake ?Voice box glottis (vocal apparatus) vocal bands or vocal cords Trachea Bronchi Bronchus, singular c-shaped cartilage rings with smooth muscle Left and right bronchi Bronchial trees terminate at bronchioles Thoracic Cavity thoracic thorax mediastinum heart aorta esophagus bronchi thymus Alveoli air sacs alveolar wall membranes one cell thick and surrounded by capillaries gaseous exchange takes place here Pleura each lung enclosed in pleura parietal pleura (inner) visceral pleura (outer) pleural space or pleural cavity Filled with pleural fluid Diaphr