7-Intrototitrations：70 0titrations 20intro 20.ppt

A little example A 10.00 mL sample of waste water is titrated to its phenolphthalein endpoint by addition of 36.32 mL of 0.0765 M NaOH. What is the pH of the original waste water sample? NaOH = Na+ + OH- [OH-]=[NaOH] H+ + OH- = H2O 1*36.32 mL * 0.0756 M = 1*10.00 mL * X M X = 0.2745 M pH = - log [H+] Does the [H+] = [acid]? What if it’s a polyprotic acid? 0.2745 M of what? Of [H+] – we reacted the waste water with OH-, all we know is the equivalent amount of H+ - which is all we need to know to get the pH We don’t actually know what the acid (or acidS) were or what their concentrations are, we just know the H+. But that’s OK, the H+ is the active part of the acid! pH = - log [H+] pH = - log (0.2745 M) pH = 0.56 Another Little Problem Titration of 25.00 mL of a sulfuric acid solution of unknown concentration required 43.57 mL of 0.1956 M NaOH to reach equivalence. What is the concentration of the sulfuric acid? What do you need to notice about this problem? Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) is a diprotic acid. If it helps… …write the balanced equation (a chemist would). H2SO4 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O (l) Stoichiometry ALWAYS Matters 1*43.57 mL*0.1956 M = 2*25.00 mL * X M X = 0.1704 M H2SO4 If you wanted to calculate the pH…? You need to again consider stoichiometry: each H2SO4 gives 2 protons 2 [H2SO4] = [H+] 2*0.1704 M = 0.3408 M H+ pH = - log (0.3408) = 0.47 Acid-base Reaction Acid + Base ? H2O + salt HA + MB ? H-B + MA An acid is a proton donor (H+) A base is any proton acceptor – where’d the OH- come from? Acid-base Reaction It could come from the base: HCl + NaOH ? H2O + NaCl But, not all bases have an OH: HCl + NH3 ???? NH3 + H2O = NH4OH HCl + NH4OH ? H2O + NH4Cl You can always generate OH- in water, because water can always act as an acid. A little bitty problem… A 10.00 mL sample of waste water is titrated to its phenolphthalein endpoint by addition of 36.32 mL of 0.0765 M NaOH. What is the pH of the original waste water sample? (Thi