Solid Waste Management amp; Disposal固体废物管理与处置；.pptVIP

Announcements – Nov 8 Nov. 13 (next Monday) - review Nov. 15 (next Wednesday) - Exam 3 Nov. 17 (next Friday) - no class Solid/Hazardous Wastes Lecture Objectives: What do we do with our garbage? What are the problems with hazardous waste? What happened at Love Canal? Introduction to Waste Management Solid Waste – objects or particles that accumulate on the site where they are produced. Municipal Solid Waste (Garbage) amounts to 230 million tons in U.S. annually (equivalent to 3 billion humans!!). Disposable Decades Mid-1950s – emphasis on a disposable lifestyle Wave of the future Way to reduce household duties. Convenience was sold to prosperous post-war (WWII) consumers. Convenience quickly changed to necessity. TV dinners first marketed in 1953. Nature of the Problem U.S. volume of garbage has increased more than 50% since 1960 (although stabilized since 1990) . Countries with higher standard of living produce more waste. Traditional Methods (dumping and burning) are no longer accepted. Urban areas running out of places to put garbage Methods of Waste Disposal Landfills Incineration Source reduction Composting Recycling Landfilling Most municipal solid waste in US is deposited in landfills Source of groundwater pollution Number of municipal landfills is declining. Some closed for violations, other because full New landfills costly and often resisted - NIMBY Reducing the Number of Landfills Incineration Prior to 1940, incineration was common in North America and western Europe. Incineration Pros: Reduce volume 90%, weight 75% Heat from burning converted to electricity Cons: Create air pollution Concentrates toxins in ash More costly than landfills, as long as space available Composting Harnessing natural decomposition to transform organic material into compost About 3800 composting facilities currently in use in the United States. Landscape Recycling Center1210 E. University Ave., Urbana344-LEAF (5323) www.city.urbana.il.us Source Reduction Most f