Mode–coupling theory.pptVIP

* 16.711 Lecture 4 Optical fibers Last Lecture Fiber modes Fiber Losses Dispersion in single-mode fibers Dispersion induced limitations Dispersion management The Graded index fibers 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling Today Mode–coupling theory Directional coupler Coupling between guided and un-guided modes Coupling from waveguide to free space Mode coupling by scattering Coupling to radiating modes at waveguide bands 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling Why knowledge of mode coupling is important? Mode–coupling theory DFB Lasers/DBR Lasers VCSEL structure March-Zehnder interferometer Direction coupler Optimized device structures 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling Recall mode equations Mode–coupling theory TE Mode: Notice: Mode profile E(x, y) doesn’t change with z if no index perturbation. No coupling between different modes if no index perturbation. 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling index perturbations Mode–coupling theory Generalized propagation equation 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling Mode–coupling equation perturbation theory, TE mode 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling discussion of the mode-coupling equation if no index perturbation, A(z) is an constant, goes back to the normal equation. Cn measures how much the index perturbation changes the propagation constant ?n. If index perturbation doesn’t vary with z, coupling between the mode depends on the . 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling directional coupler 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling directional coupler --- solution of the differential equation set (1) E2(z=0) =0: Output field power is half of the exciting waves. the field of the unexcited waveguide is delayed by ?/2 with respect to the exciting wave. 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling directional coupler --- Applications (1) Signal switch (2) WDM coupler 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling (2) if Application: Y modulator 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-coupling Phase-mismatched directional coupler General solution E10 =1, E20=0: 16.711 Lecture 4 Mode-c