FT-IR Instrument：FT-IR仪器.pptVIP

FT-IR Instrument Components Source Michelson Interferometer Sample Detector Sources Black body radiators Inert solids resistively heated to 1500-2200 K Max radiation between 5000-5900 cm-1 (2-1.7 mm), falls off to about 1 % max at 670 cm-1 (15 mm) Nernst Glower – cylinder made of rear earth elements Globar- SiC rod CO2 laser Hg arc (Far IR), Tungsten filament (Near IR) Michaelson Interferometer 1014 Hz is too fast for the rapid changes in power to be directly measured as a function of time. Can not measure the FID signal directly Interferometer creates a replicate interference pattern at a frequency that is a factor of 1010 times slower 104-105 Hz can be measured electronically f = (2vm/c)n = 10-10n, vm = 1.5 cm/s Michaelson Interferometer Beam splitter Stationary mirror Moving mirror at constant velocity Motor driven Micrometer screw He/Ne laser; sampling interval, control mirror velocity Sample Sample holder must be transparent to IR- salts Liquids Salt Plates Neat, 1 drop Samples dissolved in volatile solvents- 0.1-10% Solids KBr pellets Mulling (dispersions) Quantitative analysis-sealed cell with NaCl/NaBr/KBr windows Detector Transducers The heating effect of radiation Thermal transducer- black body, small, very low heat capacity- DT=10-3 K, housed in vacuum, signal is chopped Thermocouples Two junctions of dissimilar metals, An and Bi One is IR detector, one is reference detector Potential difference that develops in proportional to DT; detection of DTs of 10-6 K is possible FT-IR detectors Pyroelectric tranducers (PTs) Pyroelectric substances act as temperature-dependent capacitors Triglycine sulfate is sandwiched between two electrodes. One electrode is IR transparent The current across the electrodes is Temperature dependent PTs exhibit fast response times, which is why most FT instruments use them Photoconducting transducers Thin film of a semi-conducting material IR radiation promotes non-conducting electrons to a higher energy conducting state.