Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field一个带电粒子在磁场中的运动.pptVIP

Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field AP Physics C Montwood High School R. Casao The magnetic force acting on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is always perpendicular to the velocity of the particle. From this property, the work done by the magnetic force is 0 J since the displacement of the charge is always perpendicular to the magnetic force. W = F·d·cos q Therefore, a static magnetic field changes the direction of the velocity but does not change the speed or the kinetic energy of the charged particle. Consider a positively charged particle moving in a uniform external magnetic field with its initial velocity vector perpendicular to the magnetic field. The magnetic field B is into the page (as indicated by the x’s). The figure shows that the charged particle moves in a circle whose plane is perpendicular to the magnetic field. The circular path results because the magnetic force Fmag is at right angles to the velocity v and the magnetic field B and has a constant magnitude equal to q·v·B. The force deflects the particle and the directions of v and B change continuously. The force Fmag is a centripetal force, which changes only the direction of the velocity while the speed remains constant. The direction of the rotation is given using the right hand rule – right hand for positive charges and left hand for negative charges (Casao’s rule). Since Fmag= Fcentripetal: This reduces to: Solving for the radius of curvature: The radius of curvature is proportional to the momentum of the particle and inversely proportional to the magnetic field B. The angular frequency w of the rotating charged particle is: The period T of the circular motion (time for one revolution) is equal to the circumference of the circle divided by the speed of the particle: The angular frequency and the period of the circular motion do not depend on the speed of the particle or the radius of the orbit. The angular frequency w is also called the cyclotron frequency