Metamorphic Rocks - Typepad：变质岩- TypePad.pptVIP

Metamorphic Rocks Ch 4 S4 Introduction Rocks can go through process of metamorphism Metamorphism: a change in the constitution of rock; specifically : a pronounced change effected by pressure, heat, and water that results in a more compact and more highly crystalline condition Metamorphic rocks are rocks in which the structure, texture, or composition has been changed Can be changed by heat, pressure, or both Origins of Metamorphic Rock Texture/mineral composition can change (?) when surroundings change (?) Occurs between 50oC 1,000oC Can occur over 1000oC Metamorphic change takes place more than 2 km beneath the surface of the Earth Contact Metamorphism Occurs near igneous intrusions Occurs near bodies of magma Rock is heated and changed by the nearby magma Regional Metamorphism Occurs when pressure builds up in rock buried under other rock formations or when Earth’s crust collides Occurs over thousands of km3 within the rocks crust Found beneath continental rock formations Regional Contact Metamorphism Composition of Metamorphic Rock Metamorphism occurs when temperature pressure inside the Earth’s crust change Minerals change into different minerals that are more stable in the new environment Index minerals: minerals that form only at certain temperatures pressures Used to measure temperature, depth, pressure at which a rock undergoes metamorphosis Include: biotite mica, chlorite, and garnet Recrystallization Index Minerals Textures of Metamorphic Rock 2 textures Foliated Nonfoliated Foliated Metamorphic Rock Texture: mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands Contains aligned grains of flat minerals Diagram shows a sedimentary rock transforming via metamorphism Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock Texture: mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands Made of one or only a few minerals Mineral crystals may change in size or mineral may change in composition Metamorphic Rock Structures Deformation: a change in the shape of a rock due to a force placed