The Scope of State Functions - Stanford University国家职能的范围-斯坦福大学.pptVIP

State-Building:The Missing Dimensions of Stateness Francis Fukuyama Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies Functions of the State The Scope of State Functions Two Dimensions of Stateness State Capacity Stateness and Efficiency The Stateness Matrix Change over Time Reform Paths Tax Extraction Rates v. Per Capita GDP Components of Institutional Capacity Weak States and the Black Hole of Public Administration Central issue of all organizational theory is delegated discretion Underlying issue in socialism debate (Hayek), corporate structure (Chandler), federalism Contemporary approach brings this under a principal-agent framework Principal-Agent Theory Coase, theory of the firm 1937 Alchian and Demsetz, firms as nexus of contracts 1972 Williamson, opportunism and bounded rationality Jensen and Meckling, agency costs 1976 Fama, markets for managers 1980 Domains of Organizational Uncertainty Ambiguity of goals Impossibility of erecting formal system of monitoring and incentives Inability to determine appropriate degree of delegation ex ante Public Sector Outputs Monitorability of Public Sector Outputs Consequences of Organizational Ambiguity Need to understand better where different public sector activities fall in the matrix Seek to fix problems that are actually solvable New approaches to activities for which there are no “best practices” Need to teach development differently What follows if public administration is not a science? Need for metis (Scott) Does not necessarily imply leaving local institutions in place Requires rather contextual judgment about applicability of foreign models Need to think about the structure of decision-making rather than content of decisions Applications Japan: MacArthur’s decision to keep the Emperor versus the clean break in Germany Iraq: disbanding the Iraqi Army Iraq: tribalism in the Sunni triangle Making Things Worse IFIs and donor community complicit in destruction of institutional capacity Contradicti