Exploring some exemplary use of technological tools to facilitate 探索一些示范使用技术工具.pptVIP

K-12 Teaching and Learning in the ICT Era Five Instructional Design Principles (from Brenda Sugrue) Learning is not performance The medium is not the method Match external and internal conditions Authentic practice makes perfect One size does not fit all Learning is not Performance Performance depends upon Knowledge Capacity Available tools and information Motivation Learning requires Generalization Reflection Self-testing of scope of what is learned The Medium Is Not the Method Some learning environments support performances substantially more or less than the worlds in which those performances ultimately will be needed Media afford opportunities to use various instructional approaches but are not, per se, the source of learning Match External and Internal Conditions Allow for initial verbal learning followed by automation through practice Allow for reflection opportunities that can support transfer Be sensitive to issues of perceived difficulty and perceived value of learning tasks, as well as student preferences for features of the learning environment Authentic Practice Makes Perfect Since so much of schooling is verbal, it is easy to confuse verbalizing of concepts and principles with the ability to apply those principles and to confuse describing performances with doing them Cognitive authenticity is sufficient as long as the cognitive scope matches the expected realm of applicability for what is being learned One Size Does Not Fit All For example, newcomers to a field need simple text, with no gaps in explanations, or they get confused; old hands need enough loose ends and missing details to keep them from going on autopilot In general, Compensate for weaknesses Leverage strengths Remediate weaknesses Overview Why use technology? Facilitating effective learning processes Simulating instructive environments Tutoring Facilitating effective learning processes SWoRD [Schunn and Cho] (/sword3/) Peer critique of writing Manage the process Provide incentives by eva