[哲学]发展心理学1.ppt

Developmental Psychology 兰玉萍 TELE-MAIL：LYPQD@163.COM 主要参考书目： 《儿童发展心理学》刘金华主编，华东师范大学出版社 《儿童发展心理学》方富熹，方格著，人民教育出版社 《发展心理学》林崇德，浙江教育出版社 《发展心理学——儿童与青少年》David R. Shaffer著,邹泓等译，中国轻工业出版社 《发展心理学与你》北京大学出版社 《发展心理学》Laura E. Berk著北京大学出版社 Infants, Children, and Adolescents Laura E. Berk 5th edition Chapter 1 History, Theory, and Research Strategies . Chapter 1History, Theory, and Research Strategies 1. The field of child development 2. Basic issues 3. Historical foundation 4. Mid-twentieth-century theories 5. Recent theoretical perspectives 6. Comparing child development theories 7. Studying the child 1-Periods of Development 1-Periods of Development 年龄特征（age characteristics) 是指心理发展的各个阶段所表现出来的一般（带有普遍性）、典型（具有代表性）或本质（表示有一定的性质）的特征 1-Domains of Development 2-Basic Issues in Development Continuous or discontinuous? One course of development or many possible courses? Nature or nurture? Continuous or Discontinuous Development Nature and Nurture Nature Inborn, biologic givens Based on genetic inheritance Nurture Physical and social world Influence biological and psychological development 3-Historical Views of Childhood 3-Early Scientific Studyof Development Theory An orderly, integrated set of statements that Describes Explains Predicts behavior 4-Mid-twentieth-century theories 4.1 The psychoanalytic perspective 4.2 Behaviorism an social learning theory 4.3 Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory 4.1The psychoanalytic perspective 精神分析（psychoanalysis)的含义是指以心因性为机制的一种治疗精神病的方法及其理论和潜意识心理学的理论体系 精神分析理论的核心思想是：提出存在于潜意识的性本能是人的心理的基本动力 意识(consciousness)：与感知相联系，由个人当前所觉知到的心理内容组成 潜意识(unconsciousness)主要包括各种原始冲动、各种本能和欲望，是个人不可能觉察到的心理现象，但对个人的行为影响很大 4.1 Freud’s Three Parts of the Personality Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital Psychosexual development Oral,0-1year, The new ego directs the baby’s sucking activities toward breast or bottle . if oral needs are not met appropriately, the individual may develop such habits as thumb sucking, fingerna