全球化力量分析()Culture_intro.pptVIP

CULTURE Definition of Culture: The values, beliefs, behaviors, and material objects that constitute a people’s way of life VALUES Values are culturally defined standards of desirability, goodness, and beauty that serve as broad guidelines for social living. EXAMPLES OF U.S. VALUES People should work hard. People should have equality of opportunity. Progress is good for individuals and society. BELIEFS Beliefs are specific statements that people hold to be true. Beliefs are based on values. EXAMPLE OF U.S. BELIEF Belief from 1st and 2nd values (work hard, equal opportunity) mentioned earlier: If I work hard, I can improve my situation and my family’s situation in life. ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF BELIEF This example is from the 3rd value (progress) mentioned earlier. I should look to the present and future more than the past for direction in life. BEHAVIOR This one is very simple… Behavior refers to our actions in life. MATERIAL OBJECTS Another simple characteristic of culture… Material objects refer to the physical parts of our life such as computers, clothes, and food. REMINDER OF THE DEFINITION Culture is defined as the values, beliefs, behaviors, and material objects that constitute a people’s way of life. CULTURE, SOCIETY, NATION How do these three concepts compare to one another? ARE THEY RELATED TO ONE ANOTHER? Yes. ARE THEY THE SAME? No. DEFINITION OF SOCIETY Society is the organized interaction of people (or other organisms). CAN NONHUMANS HAVE SOCIETY? Yes. Many nonhuman forms of life have society – those that interact with each other and have a social order. Mammals have society. Even bees and ants have fascinating societies. CAN NONHUMANS HAVE CULTURE? Yes. But the standard for culture is very strict. Culture is based on learning, not instinct, and some animal societies are based on instinct.