2018年高一英语同步测控：Unit 4 Astronomy Grammar（新人教必修3）.docVIP

高一英语同步测控： 必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 第3课时Grammar 课前预习 一.语法知识： 主语从句： 做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有从属连词that, whether， 连接代词who, what, which， 连接副词when, where, how, why等。 1..连接词： 1）从属连词：that， whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。 That she left him cut him to the heart. That he will come is certain 由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。 Whether it will please them is not easy to say. Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much. 2)连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. Which side will win is not clear. 3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。 Why he did it remains a mystery. When they will start is not known yet. How he became a great scientist is known to us all. 2.位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。 1）It + be + 表语 +主语从句 表语：（名词形容词过去分词） It is a pity that we can’t go. It is no surprise that our team should have won the game. It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting. It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is true that I told her everything. It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit. 2）It+不及物动词或短语+主语从句 It seemed (happened, doesn’t matter, has turned out) that… It happens that they were absent. It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 3) It +及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句 It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays. 注意: 1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。 误：They should like each other is natural. 正：That they should like each other is natural. 正：It is natural that they should like each other. 2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导. 误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him. 2). 卋ecause it was not clear whether the solid shape