配位化合物与配位容量分析.pdf

Chapter 3 Chemistry of Coordination Compounds and Volumetric analysis (配位化合物与配位容量分析) 3.1 The Basic Concepts of Coordination Compounds (配位化合物的基本概念) 3.2 Isomerism(异构现象) * 3.3 Covalent Bond of Coordination Compound (配位化合物的价键理论) 3.4 Chelates(螯合物) * 3.5 The Coordination Equilibrium(配位平衡) 3.6 Volumetric analysis (配位容量分析) 3.1 The Basic Concepts of Coordination Compounds(配位化合物的基本概念) 3.1.1 The Composition of Coordination Compounds A metal complex, or simply a complex(络合物), is a metal ion bound to a group of surrounding ions or molecules. When a complex is charged, it is called a complexion. Coordination compounds(配位化合物) are compounds that contain complexes. CrCl [Ag(NH ) 2] + K [Fe(CN) ] 6 3 4 6 Complex Complexion Coordination compound The metal ion is called centre ion(中心离子), it is the core part of a coordination compound. The transition metal ion is most common. If metal or nonmetal atoms(no charges) is the core, called centre atom( 中心原子). The molecules or ions that surround a metal ion in a complex are called ligands(配体). Ligands may be anions or polar molecules. Some common ligands are water, ammonia, hydroxide, cyanide(氰 化物), and chloride. Each of these has at least one unshared pair of electrons that can be used to coordinate(配位) (form a coordinate covalent bond(配位共价键) to the metal ion). Metal ions can act as Lewis acids, accepting electrons from ligands, which act as Lewis bases. The atom that is bound directly to the metal ion is called the donor atom(配位原子). It’s the atom that donates(提供) a lone pair of electrons to the metal ion. The metal ion and the ligands that are covalently bound to it make up the coordination sphere(配位层) of the complex. The number of donor atoms bound to the metal ion is the coordination number (配 位数). Co